Solubility Essays & Research Papers

A supersaturated solution is a solution that contains more dissolved substance than a saturated solution does. This occurs when a solution is prepared at a higher temperature and is then slowly cooled. This is a very unstable situation, so any disturbance causes precipitation. Solubility can be understood in terms of two factors: The natural tendency toward disorder favors dissolving. The relative forces between and within species must be considered. Stronger forces within solute...

RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS Ligroin Toluene Ethanol H2O Anthracene Did not dissolve Slightly dissolved Did not dissolve Did not dissolve Benzoic acid Did not dissolve Dissolved Slightly dissolved Did not dissolve Phthalic acid Almost dissolved Almost dissolved Did not dissolve Dissolved Resorcinol Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Sodium naphthionate Did not dissolve Did not dissolve dissolved Dissolved Table 1. Results for the five compounds tested in four different solvents. Functional...

Water Chemical formula- H2O State at room temperature- Liquid Colour- Clear Melting point- 0oC Boiling point- 100oC Water- good solvent and a range of substances will dissolve in it. What happens when a sugar lump dissolves in water? When the sugar dissolves... -The moving water molecules crash into the sugar particles -The sugar particles then break away from the crystal and into the water -The sugar and water particles then mix and diffuse evenly throughout. Copper...

Title: Study of Solubility Equilibrium Abstract The effect of temperature on the solubility product constant, Ksp, of potassium hydrogen tartrate in water was investigated in the temperature range of 285K to 318K at normal atmospheric pressure. It was found that the solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate decreases with a decrease in temperature and consequently a smaller volume of sodium hydroxide is needed to neutralize it. The molar solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate was calculated...

Purpose: To observe the reactions of specific aqueous solutions with specific aqueous reagents. Introduction: A solution is as a homogeneous mixture containing two or more substances. Reagents are added to solutions to create a chemical reaction or added to see if anything occurs. Reagents can be added to solutions to see if there is a presence of other substances. For example, iodine added to a lead solution. Iodine would be the reagent and would cause a chemical reaction confirming the...

Effects of solubility at certain temperatures: series 1 Abstract There were many things to be observed in this lab. The over all reason of this lab was to find out the temperatures at which sodium nitrate was no longer a saturated solution. To find this we took different amounts of potassium nitrate and heated them up until they were completely dissolved and waited for them to cool to a temperature in which the solution was no longer fully saturated. My overall conclusion of this...

1. In general, solubility rules can be used to predict the outcome of double replacement reactions. I have come to this decision, because almost all of the data recorded from the lab, with the exception of number 13, agreed with the predictions made beforehand. 2. Out of the 15 combinations, the observations made for the combination of number 13 (the reaction of lead (II) nitrate and barium chloride), did not agree with what was predicted, based on the solubility rules. The solubility...

Marcela Rodriguez Ricardo Sarabia January 16, 2013 Mariana Mendoza Alvaro Puccini Maria Quin Solubility Lab Purpose: The main purpose of doing this lab is to learn how to interpret solubility graphs and how the temperature does affects the solubility of different substances. There are other objectives of the lab which are learning what are concentrated, diluted, supersaturated, and saturated substances and how can they be identified. The...

Mateo Castro April 3, 2013 Lab Partner: Unur Abdul Kader T.A: Katie Experiment 22: Molar Solubility, Common-Ion Effect Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the molar solubility, the solubility constant, and the effect of a common ion on the molar solubility of calcium hydroxide. To accomplish this the experiment was split into two parts; part A and Part B. in Part A of the experiment a standardized 0.05 M solution of HCl was titrated into a 25 mL solution of...

Name SOLUBILITY CURVES Answer the following questions based on the solubility curve below. Which salt is least soluble in water .. at 2O° C? 2. How many grams of potassium chloride can be dissolved in 200 g of water at 80° C? IO 3. At 40° C, how much potassium _ __nitrate coin be dissoiu$tl ^n 30D.g of water? ------W- '1 80 70 ...- O --60 0 5© 40 4. Which salt shows the least change 30 In solubility from 0° - 100° C? 20 10 At 30° C, 90 g of sodium...

1. Provide a general discussion of the solubility/miscibility behavior observed in procedure A-D. For part A of the procedure we worked with the solubility of solid compounds in various solvents. The three solid compounds that were worked with during this procedure were benzophenone, malonic acid, and biphenyl. These three solids were then mixed with water (highly polar), methyl alcohol (intermediately polar), and hexanes (nonpolar). When benzophenone is mixed with water the results turned out...

LESSON PLAN School : Senior High School Topic : Solubility product of Constant (Ksp) Grade : XI Semester : 2 Time Allocated : 30 minutes I. Competency Standard Understanding properties, measuring method and applying of acid base solutions. II. Basic Competency Predicting precipitation from a reaction based on solubility and solubility product constant principle III. Indicator 1. Explain the meaning of Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) 2....

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY There are three main factors that control solubility of a solute. (1) Temperature (2) Nature of solute or solvent (3) Pressure EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE Generally in many cases solubility increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the fall of temperature but it is not necessary in all cases. However we must follow two behaviours: In endothermic process, solubility increases with the increase in temperature and vice versa. For...

1. In the first group of four reactions, Iron phosphate and calcium phosphate are the two products that are insoluble in water. In the three of the four reactions a cloudy white or yellow formed. This indicated the formation of a precipitate, caused by the generally insoluble phosphate anion. Potassium chloride, Iron nitrate, and potassium sulfate where the products which were soluble in water. With these products there was no evidence of a precipitate forming. 2. Based on the results from...

EXPERIMENT 5 - Preparation of Acetanilide Preparation and purification of Acetanilide [pic] Purpose: a) To synthesis acetanilide by reaction of aniline and acetic anhydride. b) To purify acetanilide by crystallization method from water c) Purity check by melting range Equipment / Materials and Hazars: hot plate beakers(150,250mL) ice stirring rod spatula...

Exp. 2A-D Solubility (pp.13-20) In this experiment, I will be determining/investigating the solubility of different solvents, or more precisely, the extent to which a substance is soluble or insoluble (Part A and B). Another goal of this experiment will be determining miscible (liquids that will mix homogeneously) and immiscible (liquids that do not mix homogeneously) parts in liquids (Part C). Part D of the experiment will be looking at solubility as well, the solubility of organic acids...

Solubility Curve of Sodium Nitrate Data collection |Temperature (°C) | |Mass of solute in 5ml (g) |Mass of solute in 100ml (g) | |1st set of data |2nd set of data |Average | | | |23.5 |24.0 |23.8...

RECRYSTALLIZATION OF ACETANILIDE ABSTRACT Recrystallization is the primary method for purifying solid organic compounds through the differences in solubility at different temperatures. In this experiment, a suitable solvent was first determined. Acetanilide was produced by acetylation of aniline with acetic anhydride. The crude acetanilide was dissolved in a solvent in a heating water bath. The hot solution was filtered and the filtrate, cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals started...

Experiment 1: Study of Solubility Equilibrium Data Treatment and Analysis Section 1: Solubility Product Constant Temperature (˚C) | Volume of NaOH used (mL) | | | | Titration 1 | Titration 2 | Average | 28 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.75 | 9 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 19 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 11.25 | 40 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 50 | 22.8 | 22.9 | 22.85 | Table 1: The volume of NaOH used in the titration at various temperatures. No. of moles of KHC4H4O6 = 1.45 g ÷ 188.177g/mol = 7.71 x 10-3mol...

) 12 grams of KClO3 in 100 grams of water (3) 30 grams of NaCl in 100 grams of water (2) 12 grams of KClO3 in 200 grams of water (4) 30 grams of NaCl in 200 grams of water Answer--> Choice 1 8/02 One hundred grams of water is saturated with NH4Cl at 50oC. According to Table G, if the temperature is lowered to 10oC, what is the total amount of NH4Cl that will precipitate? (1) 5.0 g (2) 17 g (3) 30. g (4) 50. g Answer--> Choice 3; 52g-32g=30g 1/03 1 Solubility...

Effect of Temperature on Solubility Lab Purpose: What is the solubility of minerals in water? What is the relationship between temperature and solubility? Hypothesis: If salt and sugar are each tested in water of varying temperatures, then salt and sugar's solubility will increase as the temperature also increases. Materials: Two 250 mL beakers Tap water 100 mL graduated cylinder Hot plate Two petri dishes Glass stirring rod Salt Sugar Thermometer...

SOLUBILITY BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Avelino, K.1, Maramba, C. N.2, Morante, M.3, Pablo, C.H.4 1Department of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio December 6, 2012 ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------- The objectives of the experiment are to relate the organic compounds’ structures to their solubility and to classify the organic compounds as water soluble (S1), ether soluble (S2),...

Name: Beatrice Yeo Zi Hui Lab Group: B1 Fume Hood Number: B4 Matriculation Number: A0102491R Email Address: a0102491@nus.edu.sg Date: 1st February 2013 CM1191 Experiment 1: Study of Solubility Equilibrium 1. Abstract The aim of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHC4H4O6) and temperature. Titrate a known concentration of NaOH against a saturated solution of KHC4H4O6 at different temperatures to obtain the...

Chemistry 12 Unit 3 - Solubility of Ionic Substances Chemistry 12 Review Sheet on Unit 3 Solubility of Ionic Substances 1. Identify each of the following as ionic or molecular substances: a) NaCl(aq) ........................................................___________________________________ b) CH 3COOH(aq) ..........................................___________________________________ c) CCl4(l) ...................................................___________________________________ d)...

1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles are large enough to be seen by a microscope or the unaided eye and eventually, they settle out of the mixture. A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance. Unlike colloids, suspensions will eventually settle. The suspended particles are...

Chemistry 12 Review of Solubility Equilibrium 1. Identify each of the following as ionic or molecular substance: a. NaCl(aq) ________________________________ b. CH3COOH(aq) ___________________________ c. CCl4(l) _________________________________ d. HNO3(aq) ______________________________ e. C2H6(l) ________________________________ 2. A good way to test a liquid to see if it contains ions is to : 3. Define a saturated solution. 4. Define an unsaturated solution. 5. What is meant by...

Experiment 1: Solubility of Organic Compounds (Answers to Questions) Q1. State what types of inetmolecular forces are present in solutions formed due to intermolecular attractions between the solute and the solvent. A1. For Water-Soluble Compounds: Acetone – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces Acetone – Diethyl Ether: Dipole – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forces Sucrose – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces Ethyl alcohol – Water: Hydrogen...

Use solubility of group 2 to figure out periodic trends as well as identify unknown captions Introduction The goals of this experiment were to determine periodic trends in solubility of group 2 metals. The other goal was to use our knowledge of solubility’s to identify cations present in a single unknown Xe and double unknown XXe. I have hypothesized that the...

Precipitates are electrically uncharged. In this experiment all of the precipitates result from the exchange of positive and negative ions between reacting solutions of two ionic compounds. Thus, in this example the precipitate must be either silver chloride, AgCl or sodium nitrate, NaNO3. Sodium nitrate dissolves readily in water and is therefore soluble. Thus we can conclude that silver chloride is the insoluble precipitate. We can represent the formation of this precipitate by a net ionic...

Gravimetric Analysis & Determination of an Unknown Metal Carbonate A large variety of analytical techniques and procedures, ranging from instrumental methods such as spectroscopy and chromatography to more classical processes, such as qualitative and gravimetric analyses, have been used to help chemists identify unknown compounds. Gravimetric analysis is a type of quantitative analysis, concerned with determining how much of one or more constituents is present in a particular sample of...

Solubility Product Determination Purpose • To determine the solubility product constant, Ksp, of an ionic compound. Introduction The solubility product constant, Ksp, is a particular type of equilibrium constant. The equilibrium is formed when an ionic solid dissolves in water to form a saturated solution. The equilibrium exists between the aqueous ions and the undissolved solid. A saturated solution contains the maximum concentration of ions of the substance that can dissolve...

1 Solutions and Solubility Chapters 4+13 2 The Solution Process • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute (present in the smallest amount) and solvent (present in the largest amount) State of Solution State of Solvent State of Solute Example Gas Gas Gas Air Liquid Liquid Gas O2 in water Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcohol in water Liquid Liquid Solid Salt in water Solid Solid Gas H2 in Pd Solid Solid Liquid Hg in Ag Solid Solid Solid Ag in Au 3 The Solution...

Objective The objective of this laboratory is to calculate the solubility of a substance under a variety of temperatures and construct a solubility curve based on experimental data to see the effect of temperature on solubility. Data collection and quantitative observation VOLUME H2O/ml/±0.05 TEMPERATURE/°C/±0.1 5.00 71.3 6.00 59.3 7.00 52.4 8.00 47.2 9.00 41.8 Mass of NaCl: 3.0±0.05 g Data Processing To calculate the solubility, we need to use the formula:...

Solubility Product Constant Q: Write the equilibrium equation for a saturated solution of the following salts and the corresponding solubility product expressions. a) BaSO4 (s) b) MgF2 (s) c) Ag2S (s) d) Cu(IO3)2 (s) [ ][ [ [ A: [ ( Q: ) ] ][ ][ ] ] What is the equilibrium concentration of Cd2+ ions in a saturated solution made by shaking CdS(s) with water? Ksp = 6.0x10-27 for CdS. [ A: [ Q: ][ ] ][ ] ; ][ ] √ √ A solution in equilibrium with a precipitate of AgCl was found to...

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Cristian C. Calizo Joshua Kevin K. Uy College of Engineering College of Engineering Date Performed: Jan. 7, 2014 Date Submitted: Jan 14, 2013 Methodology Iron (II) – Silver Ions System 1 ml each of 0.10 M FeSO4 and 0.10 M AgNO3 were mixed and shaked in a 4-inch test tube. The mixture was centrifuged, and the supernate was decantated into a test tube. Separate drops of the supernate was tested for presence of Fe2+, Ag+ and...

Lesson Plan Title: Factors that Affect Rate of Dissolving and Solubility Overview, Expectations and Rationale 1. Big Ideas: • Properties of solutions can be described qualitatively and quantitatively, and can be predicted 2. Ministry Expectations: Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration A1.1 - formulate relevant scientific questions about observed relationships, ideas, problems, or issues, make informed predictions, and/or formulate educated hypotheses to focus...

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature Factors Affecting Solubility 1. Effect of Temperature For some substances to dissolve in a given solvent, heat is absorbed. The reaction is endothermic. In this case, an increase in temperature increases solubility. For some substances, heat is released when they dissolve in a given solvent. The reaction is called exothermic. In this case, an increase in...

Title of Experiment 12: The Effect of Ionic Strength on the solubility of an Electrolyte Aim: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the thermodynamics variable of enthalpy, ∆H for the dissolution reaction of boric acid in water. The solubility of boric acid was measured over a range of various temperatures by finding out at what temperature crystallization began for solution of different molarities. A graphical relationship between the natural logarithm of molal concentration and...

The Solubility of Potassium Nitrate Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out by how much the solubility of potassium nitrate into distilled water increases when the solution is heated, and if yes, by how much. Hypothesis: According to data on the internet, 3.75 × 10­¹ moles of potassium nitrate dissolve in 100g of water. I believe this information may be correct. I also believe that as the solute is absorbing outside heat, the energy is increased causing it to dissolve both faster,...

Solubility and Stoichiometry I. Introduction The first purpose of this experiment is to apply solubility rules to choose two of eight given reactants to do a precipitation reaction. The second purpose is to use stoichiometry to calculate how much of a reactant will be used in a precipitation reaction, assuming that the amount of product is given, and to figure out the actual yield vs. the theoretical yield and to calculate the percent yield. The other purpose of this experiment is to practice...

Abstract Some consumers want to know if acetaminophen dissolves faster in the form of tablets, gelcaps, or caplets in order to get the fastest pain relief. The purpose of this experiment was to find out which of the three tested forms of acetaminophen would dissolve the most over a time period ten minutes. The hypothesis stated that the tablets would dissolve the most over the ten minutes. The hypothesis was tested by dropping ten of each of the forms of the acetaminophen into two thirds a cup...

INVESTIGATE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SOLUBILITY OF SALTS Research question How does temperature affect the dissolving time of various salts.? Hypothesis I predict that with water of high temperature the salts will dissolve quicker. Controlled Variable Amount of water (solvent) Amount of salt used (solute) Type of cups taken and their sizes Independent variable Temperature of water Dependent variable Time taken for each salt to dissolve Material Required...

NAME: Nickisha Williams PRESIDENT’S COLLEGE CANDIDATE #: DATE: 11th/12/2014 Skill: M&M PRACTICAL # 3 Title: Solubility Product of Ca(OH)2 Aim: To find the solubility and the solubility product of calcium hydroxide. Theory: Define, with equation, the solubility product. Find, from...

Purpose: Our purpose here to determine the affects of temperature on potassium nitrate's solubility in water. Materials Used in the Experiment: Latex gloves Laboratory coat Safety goggles Thermometer Stir rod Test tubes Beaker Weighing dish Hot plate Potassium nitrate Distilled water Description of the Object of the Experiment Potassium Nitrate: The chemical compound potassium nitrate is a naturally occurring mineral source of nitrogen. It is a nitrate with...

J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 9001-9009 9001 Improving Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids Mark J. Muldoon,† Sudhir N. V. K. Aki,‡ Jessica L. Anderson, JaNeille K. Dixon, and Joan F. Brennecke* Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UniVersity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 ReceiVed: March 8, 2007; In Final Form: May 4, 2007 Previously we showed that CO2 could be used to extract organic molecules from ionic liquids without contamination of the ionic...

| [Solubility Product Constant] | Experiment 11 | | Molly McCabe | 4/18/2013 | | Data Tables: Part 1 and Part 2 Experimental Data: Standard | Calculated volume of copper sulfate in standards | Absorbance values | Blank | 0.0 mL | 0.0 | 1 | 1.25 mL | 0.094 | 2 | 3.75 mL | 0.065 | 3 | 2.50 mL | 0.099 | 4 | 3.50 mL | 0.129 | 5 | 5.00 mL | 0.187 | Collected Data | Test tube 1 | Test tube 2 | Test tube 3 | Test tube 4 | Test Tube 5 | Initial volume (mL) | 0.05...

Jeanine Azzo Chemistry 1412 Professor Chaka April 15, 2014 Group 10-9 Solubility, Kidney Stones, CSI Pre-Lab Objective To conduct an experiments to determine solubility of ionic compounds in different solute-solute and solvent solute interactions. Description We will be mixing ionic compounds in solute-solute and solvent solute interactions. We will be combining sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, nickel and silver and some anions like chloride, sulfate,...

Identifying a Salt by Creating its Heating Curve Introduction: Solubility is a substance’s ability to be dissolved in a liquid, usually water, and some substances are more soluble than others. A solution can be saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated. Temperature plays a large role in the solubility of substances. For example, on table G of the Chemistry reference tables it shows that 10g of KClO3 will dissolve in 100g of water at about 25°C, but at about 48°C, 20g will dissolve. The higher...

DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) of Ca(OH)2 as well as to evaluate the effects of common and non-common ions on its solubility. Ca(OH)2 solids were dissolved in eight various media: distilled water, 1.0 M KCl, 0.5 M KCl, 0.1 M KCl, 0.05 M KCl, 0.005 M KCl, 0.001 M KCl, and 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2. The concentration of dissociated OH- concentrations was determined by means of...

Measuring the Solubility Product of Ca(OH)­2 Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to find the solubility product (Ksp) of Ca(OH)2 by titrating the hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide and using their entities to find the concentration of Ca­2+ and OH- ions. Materials: Refer to lab sheet “Measuring the Solubility of Ca(OH)2” (handout) Method (Procedure): Refer to lab sheet “Measuring the Solubility of Ca(OH)2” (handout) Observations Trial 1 Trial 2 Initial burette reading 0mL...

University Of Central Lancashire Department of Forensic and Investigative Science FZ1025 Experimental Techniques in Chemistry 17. Determining the thermodynamics of calcium hydroxide solubility in water INTRODUCTION When an ionic solid is added to water the solid dissolves by dissociating into its component ions. As more and more solid is added, it will continue to dissolve until the solution becomes saturated with ions. At this point the solid is in equilibrium with its component ions in...

Preliminary Test and Solubility Classification of Organic Compound Keene Louise Topacio, Christopher Jay Robidillo Abstract The experiment focuses on how to classify organic compounds by its functional groups. It is done by preliminary test and with the solubility test. Preliminary test used two known compounds also the unknowns. Physical state, color, odor, and ignition test were noted. The known compounds are inorganic and organic compounds. A comparison is made from the observation in...

Determination of the Solubility Product Constant of Calcium Hydroxide Introduction The equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium between an ionic solid and its ions is called solubility constant [1] , Ksp of the solute. For example, the solubility product is defined by MxAy(s) ⇋xM(aq)y++ yA(aq)x- (1) Where M is the metal cation, A is the anion, x and y are the corresponding charges of the ions. The equilibrium expression is Ksp=[MY+]x[AX-]Y (2)...

Study of Solubility Equilibrium of Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate Wang Haina 1. Aim 1. To determine the solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT) at various temperatures from 10°C to 50 °C, and determine the corresponding Ksp at these temperatures. 2. To obtain the changes in enthalpy and entropy of the dissolution of KHT from the dependence of Ksp on temperature. 2. Results and discussion 2.1 Collection of data A portion of KHT (1 to 1.5 g) was added into about 100 mL of...

Philippine Science High School-Central Luzon Campus (S.Y. 2014-2015) CHEMISTRY 1 QTR 3 POST-LAB REP 1 Alessandria Maeve M. Ocampo | 9-Samat | January 5, 2015 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Solubility is the ability or property of a certain solute to dissolve in a particular solvent. [1] Miscibility, on the other hand, is the ability or property of substances to mix in all proportions or thoroughly. This term is usually used in the mixing of liquid substances. [2] In the experiment, the students...

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to observe multi-step purification of benzoic acid after performing the extraction from a mixture containing benzoic acid, cellulose, and methyl orange. Recrystallization was done to remove impurities from the sample. The amount of BA recovered during recrystallization is much less than the extracted amount of BA. The difference between the pure and impure samples was observed by comparison of melting points. It was found that impure samples will...

Experiment 3 Objectives Separation by Solvent Extraction To separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound by using solvent extraction techniques. Introduction Frequently, organic chemists must separate an organic compound from a mixture of compounds, often derived from natural sources or products of synthetic reactions. One ...

 Colorado Northwestern Community College Science of Biology Mrs. Farrow Lab 3 – Slime Time Submitted by Chase Kenemer 22 February 2015 Abstract Polar solvents dissolve, or pick-up, polar substances and non-polar solvents dissolve, or pick-up, non-polar substances. In the conducted experiment, the polarity of molecules and their properties are explored. The results of using two solvents on both polar and non-polar inks, further verify this to be true. The student conducted the...

Extraction of Caffeine from Tealeaves Perez, Albert Solomon K.*; Quiambao, Marie Angela C;.Pascua, Hanna Harriette R.; Patricio, Maria Roxanne DC.; 2-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Santo Tomas España St., 1015, Manila Abstract Caffeine is soluble in both water and organic solvents, solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction were used in the experimentation process. Caffeine was extracted using hot water, however, due to...

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 94 (2008) 1, 75–81 FUNGICIDAL AND BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF METAL DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE FUNGICIDES Synthesis and characterization H. S. Rathore1, K. Ishratullah2, C. Varshney1, G. Varshney1 and S. C. Mojumdar3,4* 1 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002 India Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India 3 Department of...

Experiment 1: Purification of Benzoic Acid by Recrystallization III. Introduction Purification - physical separation of impurities and by-products from an impure sample pure substance. *Distillation- for liquid compounds, *Recrystallization- solid compounds Recrystallization - precipitation of a solid cpd. from a saturated solution in the form of crystals through cooling or evaporation -7 steps: 1) selecting the appropriate solvent 2) dissolving the solute 3) decolorizing...

 COURSE:BSC CHEMISTRY INDEX NUMBER:1025513 EXPERIMENT NUMBER:O.1.2.3 DEMONSTRATOR: BAIDOO DATE:23 RD JANUARY,2014. TITLE: SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AIMS: To isolate organic, inorganic and component from a...

Experiment 2: Extraction – Evaluation Summary Labs reports must be typed and chemical structures must be drawn with ChemDraw. Report must not exceed three pages (including this page). Page limit does not include any attached spectra or references. ** Deductions for hand written report/structures and exceeding page limit ** Report Breakdown Data/Results: _________________ /10 Discussion: _________________ /10 Report Total: _________________ /20 Other Lab Marks...

Selective Precipitation of the Barium Magnesium Group ABSTRACT The purpose of this lab was to identify the cations from the barium magnesium group present in an assigned unknown solution through selective precipitation. This was a qualitative lab where the theory of the common ion effect was used in several steps. Once the experiment was completed, it was determined that unknown solution #4 contained Ba2+, Sr2+, and Mg2+ ions. INTRODUCTION Selective precipitation is a part of...

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. What is the solubility product expression for La2(CO3)3? A) Ksp = [La2+]2[CO32–]3 B) Ksp = [2La3+][3CO32–] C) Ksp = [2La3+]2[3CO32–]3 D) Ksp = [La3+]2[CO32–]3 E) Ksp = [2La3+]2[CO32–]3 2. What is the correct mathematical expression for finding the molar solubility (s) of Sn(OH)2? A) 2s2 = Ksp B) 2s3 = Ksp C) 108s5 = Ksp D) 4s3 = Ksp E) 8s3 = Ksp 3. It is found that the concentration of Pb2+ in a saturated solution of lead(II)...

Recrystallization of Benzoic acid Chemistry 204-002 Date: 4/9/2011 Hector Ortega Recrystallization is a method used to purify compounds, and this is a very important procedure because compounds are naturally impure. Polarity and solubility play a big role in this experiment and these characteristics are exploited in order to have a crystallization of the desired compound. In this experimented benzoic acid was crystallize using ethanol and water. I chose these solvents based on part C of the...

DISCUSSION: Qualitative analysis is used to determine the presence of cations or anions present within a sample and their impurities. Information known, such as chemical and physical properties, about cations and anions can be used to determine what steps should be used to separate the sample into one, specific ion. Qualitative analysis involves forming and decomposing complex ions. Qualitative tests are very sensitive, allowing to detect a very small amount present in sample. Due to...

1. What is the ideal solvent for crystallization of a particular compound? What is the primary consideration in choosing a solvent for crystallizing a compound? volatile in order to be easily removed from the purified crystals. In selecting a solvent consider that like likes like. Polar compounds dissolve polar compounds and non-polar compounds dissolve non-polar compounds. Solvent will dissolve a large amount of the impure compound at temperatures near the boiling point of the solvent the...

When ionic solids dissolve, they divide to give their positive and negative ions that make up the solids. These ions become hydrates and have the same relative proportions when in solution and when solid. The more the solid dissolves, the more the ion’s concentration increases. This increase and build-up allows for the reverse reaction to occur. In this phase of the reaction the ions crystallise out in order for the reaction to have a greater chance of occurring. Eventually the rate...

How does the temperature of 75mls of water affect how quickly one teaspoon of sugar dissolves? Aims and Objectives The aim of this scientific enquiry is to determine if and how the temperature of 75mls of water affects the speed in which sugar can dissolve in. The objective is to use three different independent variable temperatures of water. Then record three dependent variables of time in which the sugar dissolves in the different temperatures of water being used. One being cold, which in...

 name section date EXPERIMENT: Solubility and Solubility Curves Fill in all the information in boxes highlighted in yellow ! Use rules of significant figures; include units with each result. Data Table 1: Experimental Data Experiment Stage Total Mass of NH4Cl (g) Volume of Water (mL) Crystallization Temperature (°C) Convert to: g NH4Cl 100 mL H2O 1 2g 5.0 44°C 40g NH4Cl 2 2.2g 5.0 50°C 44g NH4Cl 3 2.4g 5.0 57°C 48g NH4Cl 4 2.6g 5.0 61°C 52g NH4Cl 5 2.8g 5.0 66°C 56g NH4Cl Data...

Lab – Solubility Curve for Potassium Nitrate I. Purpose: To plot a solubility curve for potassium nitrate in aqueous solution. II. Safety: Wear eye protection throughout the experiment. Be cautious of hot water. Wash hands if you come into contact with potassium nitrate. III. Procedure: 1. Carefully weigh out your assigned mass of potassium nitrate on a piece of weigh paper. Carefully pour the sample into the large test tube. 2. Add 20. mL of distilled water to the...

Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Jaybee Balilea, Sharmaine Baysic, and Maria Anjelette Patricia Belen 3BIO7, Department of Biology, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract Extraction is a technique for isolating and purifying organic substances. In this technique, a solution is combined thoroughly with a second solvent that is immiscible with the first solvent. The solute is extracted from one solvent into the other because it is more soluble in the second...

Gravimetric Determination of Phosphorus in Fertilizer Samples ------------------------------------------------- Results and Discussion More than 50% of fertilizers are composed of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium because these three nutrients are essential but are deficient in soils. To ensure good quality of fertilizers, it is significant that the amounts of these nutrients are quantified. In this light, gravimetric principles are of much use. The objective of the experiment is to...

Experiment 4: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Precipitation Reactions The overall goal of experiment four was to determine the identity of unknown cations presented to the student. But in order to know the identity of these unknowns, in part 1, Ag+, Pb+, and Hg22+ were presented to the student in aqueous solutions and then precipitated through experimentation. In part 2, the same procedure was enacted to determine which substances precipitated through qualitative analysis. Solubility...

Discovering the Mystery of Eleven Test Tubes Karen Radakovich Ph.D. Mohammad Farhad Brittany Cina CH 223, Spring 08 Abstract: Eleven mystery test tubes labeled from K-1 to K-11 contained: 6M H2SO4, 6M NH3, 6M HCl, 6M NaOH, 1M NaCl, 1M Fe(NO3)3, 1M NiSO4, 1M AgNO3, 1M KSCN, 1M Ba(NO3)2, 1M Cu(NO3)2 respectively. The contents of the test tubes were determined by chemical experiments. Solution K-1 contained NiSO4 because when solution K-9, ammonia which was identified by its pungent...

Introduction Extraction is a purification technique used in organic chemistry to separate compounds from a mixture of two or more compounds. There are three different extraction techniques: liquid-liquid extraction, solid-liquid extraction and chemically active extraction. All three types of extraction follow the same principle. Organic molecules dissolve in organic solvents and polar molecules dissolve in aqueous solvents. This phenomenon is observed because of the intermolecular forces...

10 Test Tube Mystery Introduction: The students were handed 10 test tubes with no identification. The students were supposed to design a method in determining what chemical was in each test tube. The list of chemicals is CuSO4, NH4Cl, NaOH, AgNO3, KI, H2SO4, NaBr, CaCl2, HCl, and Pb(NO3)2. The students are expected to determine the chemicals using physical properties, litmus paper, solubility, and the process of elimination. Physical properties, such as the color, can be determined by sight....

Ink Chromatography Lab Background Information Paper chromatography is an analytical method that is used for separating and identifying mixtures of substances into their smaller parts. Paper chromatography works because the ink used contains several dyes (pigments) that when place on porous paper are dissolved in a solvent by capillary action. When the pigments (solutes) are dissolved in the solvent (water & alcohol mixture) they move through the paper at different rates depending on their...

Name: Carson Doorley Partner: Adam Lindeman Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to 1. Test your lab skills for accuracy.2. Also to know what the safety rules of lab are.3. Lastly to be able to name and identify la eiment Procedure: See lab skills lab pp23-28. Questions:1. The hottest part of the flame is the tip of the inner blue cone of the flame 2. if your flame is to yellow orange or sooty black you have to adjust the air vent of the Bunsen burner. 3.Zero the triple beam...

Experiment #17 Classification of Chemical Substances Prepared for: Dr. Robert O’Reilly By: Kudaibergenov Baizak 20.11.2013 Nazarbayev University Introduction While many thousands of substances are known, they can be classified into a few simple categories based on type of bonding that exists among the atoms in the substance. Bonds are chemical forces that hold atoms together to form molecules or compounds. These categories are ionic, molecular and metallic substances....

Water as a Universal Solvent * Because of its high polarity, water is able to dissolve most substances. * In a solution, the positive hydrogen side of water is attracted to the negative parts if the compound it is dissolving while the negative oxygen is attracted to the positive parts * “Like dissolves like” – describes whether one substance will dissolve in another. Water for example can’t dissolve nonpolar substances Concentrations on Solutions * Solvent: The liquid...

Mixture separation Lab I am one of the chemists assigned to design a cost effective procedure for handling the CARBOSE separation and recovery and hazardous waste disposal. The difficulties were trying to figure out is how we can effectively separate Carbose, sand, and naphthalene? The hypothesis we chose to solve this problem was if we put the mixture into water, alcohol, and mineral spirts, then in each solution one or more substance will not dissolve, will be visible, and also able to...

Much can be learned from studying an organisms DNA. The first step to doing this is extracting DNA from cells. In this experiment, you will isolate DNA from the cells of fruit. Materials (1) 10 mL Graduated Cylinder(2) 100 mL Beakers15 cm Cheesecloth1 Resealable Bag1 Rubber Band (Large. Contains latex pleasewear gloves when handling if you have a latex allergy).Standing Test TubeWooden Stir StickFresh, Soft Fruit (e.g., Grapes, Strawberries, Banana, etc.) ScissorsDNA Extraction SolutionIce Cold...

Unit 4: Solutions and Solubility Lesson 13 Key Questions: 42. a) Cloudy pond water – Heterogenous, light cannot pass though, can see different parts. b) Apple Juice – Solution, organic apple particles(solute), and water(solvent). c) Rainwater – Solution, CO2, hydrogen(solute), and water(solvent). d) 14-karat gold in jewelry – Heterogenous, light cannot pass through. Just because light can’t pass through, doesn’t mean it’s not a solution! Gold is a solid solution – it is different...

 Crystallization Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to purify the crude sample 14 through the technique of crystallization. The unknown solid was then identified through the determination of its melting point and the difference between the unknown solid’s melting point in its crude state and pure state was observed as well. Introduction: During experiments in the lab, the substance that is being created is often in an impure form. The most common way to remove...

AIM: To outline what a precipitation reaction is, describe ways which one can predict whether a precipitation reaction would form or not, describe the uses of precipitation reactions in everyday activities and industries BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction, such as evaporation. A substance that causes precipitation when it is added to a solution is called a precipitant. This can occur when an insoluble substance is formed in...

Lab Report Name: _____ Date: ______ Ionic Reactions List all of the cations used: Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Barium, Nickel List all of the anions used: Phosphate, Iodide, Sulfate, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Carbonate, Hydroxide Compare your results with the solubility rules and/or solubility table in your chemistry text. QUESTIONS: A - Do your results agree with your...

Gravimetric Analysis Report Aim: Determine the % by mass composition of a sand-salt mixture. Background: Gravimetric analysis is a method which is based on the isolation of the desired sample in pure forms or in some combined form from a sample, and weighing the isolated constituent. Then from the weights of the sample or precipitate, a percentage can be calculated out of the constituent. Solubility is the amount of a substance which is called the solute, dissolves in a volume of liquid...

Resolution of Matter into Pure Substances – Paper Chromatography Abstract The purpose of this laboratory was to determine how different substances have different solubilities in a given solvent. This was accomplished using the method of chromatography. The solubility of each substance was first determined by dropping a drop or two of each on a line drawn 2 inches above the bottom of a piece of paper. Then the paper was lightly bent in order to tape both sides of the paper leaving about a 4...

Crystallization and Melting Points Organic Chemistry 221 9/19/2012 Intro/Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to use crystallization to separate a compound from a solvent and be able to choose the best solvent to do so. Then identify an unknown and verify purity using melting points. Solubility contributes to crystallization; because a solute has lower solubility at lower temperatures, which makes the solvent separate from the solution as a solid. This process is important to understand...

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Report. Experiment 1: Crystallization. Objectives: 1. To study the crystallization process. 2. To identify the best suitable solvent to use for the crystallization process. 3. Gain an experience in purifying an organic compound by the techniques of the crystallization. Introduction. Crystallization is a technique which chemists use to purify solid compounds. It is one of the fundamental procedures each...

Selective precipitation of the Barium Magnesium Group Chem 112-004 Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to separate and identify the cations of Ba+,Sr2+,Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ using differences in solubility and confirming test to identify the unknown solution used in this experiment. In this experiment the methodology used by the group is to perform the tests for both the unknown and the cations (Ba+,Sr2+,Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+) using the known as a control for comparison and...

Purpose The purpose of the experiment is to determine the percent yield of the precipitate; by performing double displacement reaction between solutions of two different compounds. Introduction First of all when making a solution of two different compounds; there will many variables that can be considered during the experiment. However, the variables are controlled variables. Controlled Variables ∙amount of water that will be dissolved with the compound (amount of water until the compound...

Results: Questions: Data Table: Solubility of compounds used | | Co(NO3)2 | Cu(NO3)2 | Fe(NO3)3 | Ba(NO3)2 | Ni(NO3)2 | Na3PO4 | Purple precipitate | Blue precipitate | Yellow precipitate | White precipitate | Greenish white precipitate | NaI | NR | Orange precipitate | Dark orange precipitate | NR | NR | Na2SO4 | NR | NR | NR | White precipitate | NR | NaCl | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NaHCO3 | NR | Blue precipitate | Light orange precipitate | White precipitate | Light...

ubility * 1 To measure the molar solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in water. * 2 To prepare a calibration curve based on complex ion formation for absorbance enhancement. * 3 To calculate the solubility product constant (Ksp) of a sparingly soluble salt from its molar solubility. * 4 To confirm the common ion effect on the molar solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. Introduction In previous introductory chemistry courses, you learned some basic solubility rules that...